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Month: March 2017

Oracle, SQL

12cR2 tightens up ORA-01841 for zero year ANSI dates, but not for Oracle SQL syntax

Mar 23, 2017 , , , by Jeff

In moving some more code from an 11gR2 database to a 12cR2 database, I found another change where a piece of code that works in 11gR2 doesn’t compile in 12cR2.

In this instance a view was being created with a projected date column which used the ANSI DATE syntax. Here is a simplified test script:

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW test1 AS
SELECT date '0000-01-01' date_col
FROM dual
/
DROP VIEW test
/

CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW test2 AS
SELECT TO_DATE('0000-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD') date_col
FROM dual
/

Running this on 11gR2 gives:

SQL>CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW test1 AS
  2  SELECT date '0000-01-01' date_col
  3  FROM   dual
  4  /

View created.

SQL>CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW test2 AS
  2  SELECT TO_DATE('0000-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD') date_col
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  4  /

View created.

Now running this on 12cR2 gives:

SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW test1 AS
  2  SELECT date '0000-01-01' date_col
  3  FROM   dual
  4  /
SELECT date '0000-01-01' date_col
            *
ERROR at line 2:
ORA-01841: (full) year must be between -4713 and +9999, and not be 0


SQL> CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW test2 AS
  2  SELECT TO_DATE('0000-01-01','YYYY-MM-DD') date_col
  3  FROM   dual
  4  /

View created.

The date is zero and thus the error message is correct in 12cR2 for the ANSI DATE syntax.

Bugs, Oracle, SQL

ORA-54002 when trying to create Virtual Column using REGEXP_REPLACE on Oracle 12cR2

Mar 16, 2017 by Jeff

I encountered an issue today trying to create a table in an Oracle 12cR2 database, the DDL for which, I extracted from an Oracle 11gR2 database. The error returned when trying to create the table was:

ORA-54002: only pure functions can be specified in a virtual column expression

The definition of the table included a Virtual Column which used a REGEXP_REPLACE call to derive a value from another column on the table.

Here is a simplified test case illustrating the scenario (Thanks Tim for the REGEXP_REPLACE example code):

select * from v$version
/
create table test_ora54002_12c(
 col1 VARCHAR2(20 CHAR) NOT NULL
 ,virtual_column1 VARCHAR2(4000 CHAR) GENERATED ALWAYS AS(REGEXP_REPLACE(col1, '([A-Z])', ' \1', 2)) VIRTUAL VISIBLE
)
/
drop table test_ora54002_12c purge
/

Running this on 11gR2 gives:

SQL> select * from v$version
 2 /

BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.4.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production

5 rows selected.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.40
SQL> create table test_ora54002_12c(
 2 col1 VARCHAR2(20 CHAR) NOT NULL
 3 ,virtual_column1 VARCHAR2(4000 CHAR) GENERATED ALWAYS AS(REGEXP_REPLACE(col1, '([A-Z])', ' \1', 2)) VIRTUAL VISIBLE
 4 )
 5 /

Table created.

Elapsed: 00:00:00.24
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 2 /

Table dropped.

Running this on 12cR2 gives:

SQL> select * from v$version
/
 2
BANNER CON_ID
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------
Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production 0
PL/SQL Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production 0
CORE 12.2.0.1.0 Production 0
TNS for Linux: Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production 0
NLSRTL Version 12.2.0.1.0 - Production 0

SQL> create table test_ora54002_12c(
 col1 VARCHAR2(20 CHAR) NOT NULL
 ,virtual_column1 VARCHAR2(4000 CHAR) GENERATED ALWAYS AS(REGEXP_REPLACE(col1, '([A-Z])', ' \1', 2)) VIRTUAL VISIBLE
)
/
 2 3 4 5 ,virtual_column1 VARCHAR2(4000 CHAR) GENERATED ALWAYS AS(REGEXP_REPLACE(col1, '([A-Z])', ' \1', 2)) VIRTUAL VISIBLE
 *
ERROR at line 3:
ORA-54002: only pure functions can be specified in a virtual column expression


SQL> drop table test_ora54002_12c purge
/
 2 drop table test_ora54002_12c purge
 *
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

As you can see, 12cR2 gives the ORA-54002 error.

Looking on MOS, highlights this article, which suggests that you shouldn’t have been able to do this in 11gR2, i.e. it was a bug and that 12cR2 has fixed this bug and thus you can no longer create such a virtual column (the article refers to functional index and check constraint use cases as well).

In my case, I was able to rewrite the virtual column to use simple string functions such as SUBSTR, TRANSLATE and INSTR to achieve what I wanted and the virtual column was allowed to be created with these – problem solved – a shame really as the REGEXP_REPLACE approach was far neater.

Ben Brumm also has a page on Regex Expressions which you might find useful.

Oracle, OS & Virtualisation, Proxmox

Create Jupyterhub Container on Centos 7 on Proxmox

Mar 4, 2017 , , by admin

These instructions show how to create a Centos 7 container on Proxmox running JupyterHub.

Note – the instructions are just a guide and for use on my environment – you may need/wish to adjust for your own environment as necessary.

Versions

root@billy:~# pveversion
pve-manager/4.4-12/e71b7a74 (running kernel: 4.4.40-1-pve)
The version of the notebook server is 4.4.1
Python 3.4.5 (default, Nov  9 2016, 16:24:59) 
[GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11)]

Create Container

pct create 153 u01:vztmpl/centos-7-default_20160205_amd64.tar.xz -rootfs 10 -hostname jupyterhub -memory 2048 -nameserver 192.168.1.25 -searchdomain oramoss.com -net0 name=eth0,bridge=vmbr0,gw=192.168.1.1,ip=192.168.1.153/24 -swap 2048 -cpulimit 2 -storage u01

Installation

Update system

yum update -y
yum install epel-release -y
yum install
wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol7 -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle

Install JDK

wget -y cd ~ wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u111-b14/jdk-8u111-linux-x64.rpm" 
yum localinstall jdk-8u111-linux-x64.rpm -y 
rm -f ~/jdk-8u111-linux-x64.rpm 
vi /etc/environment export 
 JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/jdk1.8.0_111/jre 
vi ~/.bash_profile 
 export PATH=${JAVA_HOME}/bin:$PATH 
. ~/.bash_profile 
java -version

Install Oracle 7 Linux repo (works for Centos 7)

wget http://yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo yum

Install Python 3 And Jupyter Notebook

install python34 -y 
curl -O https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py /usr/bin/python3.4 get-pip.py 
yum install npm nodejs-legacy -y
yum install anaconda -y 
python3 -m pip install jupyterhub 
npm config set strict-ssl false 
npm install -g configurable-http-proxy 
python3 -m pip install notebook 
wget ftp://ftp.icm.edu.pl/vol/rzm5/linux-slc/centos/7.0.1406/cernonly/x86_64/Packages/oracle-instantclient12.1-basic-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm 
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wget ftp://bo.mirror.garr.it/1/slc/centos/7.1.1503/cernonly/x86_64/Packages/oracle-instantclient12.1-devel-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm 
yum install oracle-instantclient12.1-basic-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm -y 
yum install oracle-instantclient12.1-devel-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm -y 
yum install oracle-instantclient12.1-sqlplus-12.1.0.2.0-1.x86_64.rpm -y 
vi ~/.bash_profile 
  export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64 
  export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH 
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH 
vi /etc/environment 
  export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64 
  export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$PATH 
  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH 
. ~/.bash_profile 
yum install gcc -y 
yum install python-devel -y 
yum install python34-devel -y 
pip install cx_Oracle
pip install ipython-sql 
jupyterhub --generate-config 
vi /root/jupyterhub_config.py # ensure the following are set: 
  c.Spawner.env_keep = ['LD_LIBRARY_PATH'] 
  c.Spawner.environment = dict(LD_LIBRARY_PATH='/usr/lib/oracle/12.1/client64/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH') 
systemctl stop firewalld 
systemctl disable firewalld 
vi /lib/systemd/system/jupyterhub.service 
  [Unit] 
  Description=Jupyterhub 
  After=network-online.target 
  [Service] 
  User=root ExecStart=/usr/bin/jupyterhub --ip=192.168.1.10 
  WorkingDirectory=/root 
  [Install] 
  WantedBy=multi-user.target 
systemctl enable jupyterhub 
systemctl start jupyterhub 
systemctl status jupyterhub

That should be it…navigate to http://192.168.1.153:8000 and login with a unix user on that node.

General, Installation, Oracle, Proxmox

Installing Oracle 12c Release 2 Database on a Proxmox Container

Mar 2, 2017 by Jeff

Obviously nobody could beat Tim to getting the comprehensive installation instructions out first, but here are my notes for installing it on a proxmox container environment which is what I use as my research platform. Some of the calls used are from or based on Tim’s prior 12cR1 installation article – thanks Tim.

NOTE – this post is just a guide and is based on my environment – you will likely need to make changes to suit your own environment.

Environment

root@billy:~# pveversion
pve-manager/4.4-12/e71b7a74 (running kernel: 4.4.40-1-pve)

Host Preparation

Some of the activities required involve changing linux parameters but these can’t be applied inside a proxmox container – you’ll see errors like these if you try:

[root@db12cr2 ~]# sysctl -p
sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Read-only file system

Instead you have to do these at the host level – and only if you think they are relevant and that those settings wouldn’t upset all of your other environments running on that host. I haven’t tried but you could potentially just tell the GUI installer to ignore the warnings relating to these entries and not make these changes at all especially if you’re only using it for small scale research purposes.

As root on the proxmox host, run the following:

echo "fs.file-max = 6815744" >>/etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf
echo "kernel.panic_on_oops = 1" >>/etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf
echo "net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter = 2" >>/etc/sysctl.d/98-oracle.conf
/sbin/sysctl -p

Create And Prepare The Container

I use Centos 7 as the template for most of my activities and these notes are based around that.

pct create 130 u01:vztmpl/centos-7-default_20160205_amd64.tar.xz -rootfs 60 -hostname db12cr2 -memory 10240 -nameserver 192.168.1.25 -searchdomain oramoss.com -net0 name=eth0,bridge=vmbr0,gw=192.168.1.1,ip=192.168.1.130/24 -swap 10240 -cpulimit 4 -storage local

You’ll have your own way of getting the installation files to be available to the container but I do it by adding a mount point so I can access the area where all my software is:

vi /etc/pve/nodes/${HOSTNAME}/lxc/130.conf

…and add this:

mp0: /mnt/backups/common_share,mp=/mnt/common_share

Start And Enter The Container

pct start 130
pct enter 130

Install Additional Packages

I’m going to use the Oracle Preinstall package but there are still a few things to add:

yum install gcc-c++ wget openssh-server -y

gcc-c++ is not necessary according to the 12cR2 installation manuals, but the GUI installer complains during the prerequisite checks if it’s not there.

wget is needed to download some files and it’s not on the Centos 7 template.

openssh server is to allow me to login remotely via SSH for the GUI install later.

Get OpenSSH To Autostart

systemctl enable sshd.service
systemctl start sshd.service
systemctl status sshd.service

Install Oracle Preinstall Package

#Get the Oracle Linux 7 repo - this works for Centos 7.
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ 
wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/public-yum-ol7.repo
#The following stops GPG Key errors:
wget http://public-yum.oracle.com/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle-ol7 -O /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
#Update everything
yum update -y
#Install the preinstall package
yum install oracle-database-server-12cR2-preinstall -y

Configure System Limits

echo "oracle soft nofile 1024" >>/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf
echo "oracle hard nofile 65536" >>/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf
echo "oracle soft nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf
echo "oracle hard nproc 16384" >>/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf
echo "oracle soft stack 10240" >>/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf
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echo "oracle hard memlock 134217728" >>/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf
echo "oracle soft memlock 134217728" >>/etc/security/limits.d/oracle-rdbms-server-12cR2-preinstall.conf

Change Password For “oracle” User

passwd oracle
   <<set a password>>

Create Oracle Home Directory

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0.1/db_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01
chmod -R 775 /u01

Modify The Profile Of “oracle” User

echo "# Oracle Settings" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export TMP=/tmp" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export TMPDIR=\$TMP" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOSTNAME=db12cr2.oramoss.com" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_UNQNAME=cdb1" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_HOME=\$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0.1/db_1" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export ORACLE_SID=cdb1" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export PATH=/usr/sbin:\$PATH" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/bin:\$PATH" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile
echo "export CLASSPATH=\$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:\$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib" >>/home/oracle/.bash_profile

Create Software Directory And Copy Files Over

mkdir -p /u01/software
cp /mnt/common_share/linuxx64_12201_database.zip /u01/software
unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip
rm /u01/software/linuxx64_12201_database.zip

Run The Installer

Log in as the “oracle” user

cd /u01/software/database
./runInstaller

Install the software and a database by running through the GUI screens and following the instructions. The installer complains on the prerequisite checks screen about some of the kernel memory parameters (rmem%, wmem%) which you can ignore.

Configure Auto Start

Follow these instructions from Tim to setup auto start using the runuser method – make sure you change the ORACLE_HOME to be 12.2.0.1 not 12.1.0.2 that is mentioned.

Now reboot the container and it should return with the database automatically started.

Check Oracle Database Auto Starts

[oracle@db12cr2 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog

SQL*Plus: Release 12.2.0.1.0 Production on Thu Mar 2 14:16:53 2017

Copyright (c) 1982, 2016, Oracle. All rights reserved.

SQL> conn sys/Password01 as sysdba
 Connected.
 SQL> show sga

Total System Global Area 3221225472 bytes
 Fixed Size 8797928 bytes
 Variable Size 687866136 bytes
 Database Buffers 2516582400 bytes
 Redo Buffers 7979008 bytes
 SQL>

Conclusion

All pretty painless and relatively quick. I’ll take a dump of the container next in order to use it as a template for building future containers.